Dehydration and migraines: Are hot days a trigger?

For individuals prone to migraines, the rising temperatures and scorching heat of the summer can cause high discomfort. Beyond the heat, excessive sweating and dehydration – another common occurring in the summer, can also have a significant impact on the brain leading to frequent migraine attacks.


Excessive sweating during summer is a natural response by the body to regulate temperature. If this excessive sweating is not compensated with adequate fluid intake to replenish the lost water content, dehydration sets in. There are two main ways due to which dehydration triggers migraine episodes.


1.During dehydration body experiences a sudden drop in blood volume, which in turn results in reduced oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain. This state can trigger the pain receptors in the brain to become more sensitive, setting the stage for a migraine.

2.Dehydration may also lead to an electrolyte imbalance altering the levels of sodium and potassium in the body, which can disrupt nerve signalling—another potential migraine trigger.

Moreover, individuals prone to migraine often experience photosensitivity or sensitivity to light. Particularly the harsh glaring light in peak summers not only makes the migraine intensity worse, but also act as a trigger in itself. Migraine-prone people often experience throbbing headache, nausea, and visual disturbances which are all typical symptoms of migraine.


How to prevent summer migraines?

While it is impossible to change the weather, there are some simple, practical tips that can help prevent or control the migraine triggers during summer:

Stay hydrated: Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water a day. Always carry a water bottle and keep sipping small amounts of water throughout the day to prevent dehydration.

Avoid stepping out in peak sun hours: Try to stay indoors during the peak sun hours, which is usually between 11 AM and 4 PM. You can also wear wide-brimmed hats, UV-protection sunglasses, or sun-umbrellas while stepping out, this can help reduce the effect of photosensitivity.

Avoid foods and beverages that trigger dehydration: Caffeinated and sugary drinks may worsen dehydration. Opt for hydrating drinks such as coconut water, lemon water, and fresh fruit juices.

Avoid triggers: Keep a track of migraine attacks. Identify the triggers or the causes that worsen your migraine intensity and try to avoid them.


Take home message: For migraine-prone individuals, hot summer days may seem like a daunting challenge. But with a few mindful steps and adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration migraine triggers and intensity can be managed.


Dr Vamsi Chalasani, Consultant - Neurology, Manipal Hospital Vijayawada